銷售團(tuán)隊(duì)年度工作計(jì)劃1
為了實(shí)現(xiàn)明年的計(jì)劃目標(biāo)，結(jié)合公司和市場(chǎng)實(shí)際情況，確定明年幾項(xiàng)工作重點(diǎn)：
1、擴(kuò)大銷售隊(duì)伍，加強(qiáng)業(yè)務(wù)培訓(xùn)。
人才的引進(jìn)和培養(yǎng)是最根本的，也是最核心的，人才是第一生產(chǎn)力。企業(yè)無(wú)人則止，加大人才的引進(jìn)大量補(bǔ)充公司的新鮮血液。鐵打的營(yíng)盤(pán)流水的兵，所以在留著合理的人才上下功夫。在選好人，用好人，用對(duì)人。加強(qiáng)和公司辦公室人溝通，多選拔和引進(jìn)優(yōu)秀銷售人員，利用自己的關(guān)系，整合一部分業(yè)務(wù)人員，利用業(yè)務(wù)員轉(zhuǎn)介紹的策略，多爭(zhēng)取業(yè)務(wù)人員，加大招聘工作的力度，前期完善公司的人員配置和銷售隊(duì)伍的建立。另外市場(chǎng)上去招一些成熟的技術(shù)和業(yè)務(wù)人員。自己計(jì)劃將工作重點(diǎn)放在榜樣的樹(shù)立和新榜樣的培養(yǎng)上，一是主要做好幾個(gè)榜樣樹(shù)立典型。因?yàn)榘駱拥牧α渴菬o(wú)窮的。
人是有可塑性的，并且人是有惰性的。對(duì)銷售隊(duì)伍的知識(shí)培訓(xùn)，專業(yè)知識(shí)、銷售知識(shí)的培訓(xùn)始終不能放松。培訓(xùn)對(duì)業(yè)務(wù)隊(duì)伍的建立和鞏固是很重要的一種手段。定期開(kāi)展培訓(xùn)，對(duì)業(yè)務(wù)員的心態(tài)塑造是很大的好處。并且根據(jù)業(yè)務(wù)人員的發(fā)展，選拔引進(jìn)培養(yǎng)大區(qū)經(jīng)理。業(yè)務(wù)人員的積極性才會(huì)更高。
2、銷售渠道完善，銷售渠道下沉。
為確保完成全年銷售任務(wù)，自己平時(shí)就積極搜集信息并及時(shí)匯總，力爭(zhēng)在新區(qū)域開(kāi)發(fā)市場(chǎng)，以擴(kuò)大產(chǎn)品市場(chǎng)占有額。合理有效的分解目標(biāo)。
xxxxxx三省，市場(chǎng)是公司的核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)區(qū)，在這三省要完善銷售隊(duì)伍和銷售渠道。一方面的人員的配置，另一方面是客戶資源的整合，客戶員工化的重點(diǎn)區(qū)域。要在這里樹(shù)立公司的榜樣，并且建立樣板市場(chǎng)。加以克隆復(fù)雜。
其他省市以一部現(xiàn)有業(yè)務(wù)人員為主，重點(diǎn)尋找合作伙伴和一些大的代理商。走批發(fā)路線的公司在銷售政策上適當(dāng)放寬。
如果業(yè)務(wù)人員自己開(kāi)拓市場(chǎng)，公司前期從業(yè)務(wù)上去扶持，時(shí)間上一個(gè)月重點(diǎn)培養(yǎng)，后期以技術(shù)上進(jìn)行扶持利用三個(gè)月的時(shí)間進(jìn)行維護(hù)。
3、 產(chǎn)品調(diào)整，產(chǎn)品更新。
產(chǎn)品是企業(yè)的生命線，不是我們想買(mǎi)什么，而是客戶想買(mǎi)什么。我們買(mǎi)的的客戶想買(mǎi)的。找到客戶的需求，才是根本。所以產(chǎn)品調(diào)整要與市場(chǎng)很好的結(jié)合起來(lái)。另外，要考慮產(chǎn)品的利潤(rùn)，無(wú)利潤(rùn)的產(chǎn)品，它就無(wú)生存空間。對(duì)客戶來(lái)講，也是一樣�？蛻舨皇琴I(mǎi)產(chǎn)品，而是買(mǎi)利潤(rùn)，是買(mǎi)的產(chǎn)品得來(lái)的利潤(rùn)。追求產(chǎn)品最大利潤(rùn)的合理分配原則，是唯一不變的法則。企業(yè)不是福利院，所以為企業(yè)創(chuàng)造價(jià)值最大化，就是管理的最基本要求。從發(fā)展才是硬道理到賺錢(qián)才是硬道理的轉(zhuǎn)變。
一個(gè)產(chǎn)品的壽命是有限的，不斷的補(bǔ)充新產(chǎn)品，一方面顯示出公司的實(shí)力，一方面顯示出公司的活力。淘汰無(wú)利潤(rùn)和不適應(yīng)市場(chǎng)的產(chǎn)品。結(jié)合公司業(yè)務(wù)人員專業(yè)素質(zhì)，產(chǎn)品要往三個(gè)有利于方面調(diào)整：有利于公司的發(fā)展、有利于業(yè)務(wù)人員的銷售、有利于客戶的需求。
銷售團(tuán)隊(duì)年度工作計(jì)劃2
xx是一家方便面企業(yè)的銷售經(jīng)理，自他擔(dān)任該職務(wù)3年以來(lái)，每年的銷售工作計(jì)劃便成為了他的"必修課"，他的銷售計(jì)劃不僅文筆生動(dòng)，描述具體，而且還往往理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際，策略與實(shí)戰(zhàn)并舉，數(shù)字與表格齊下，很好地指導(dǎo)了他的營(yíng)銷團(tuán)隊(duì)，使其按照年度計(jì)劃有條不紊地開(kāi)展市場(chǎng)推廣工作，在不斷修訂和檢核的過(guò)程中，取得了較好的引領(lǐng)效果，那么，李經(jīng)理的年度銷售計(jì)劃是如何制定的呢它又包括哪幾個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容
一、市場(chǎng)分析。
年度銷售計(jì)劃制定的依據(jù)，便是過(guò)去一年市場(chǎng)形勢(shì)及市場(chǎng)現(xiàn)狀的分析，而李經(jīng)理采用的工具便是目前企業(yè)經(jīng)常使用的SWOT分析法，即企業(yè)的優(yōu)劣勢(shì)分析以及競(jìng)爭(zhēng)威脅和存在的機(jī)會(huì)，通過(guò)SWOT分析，李經(jīng)理可以從中了解市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的格局及態(tài)勢(shì)，并結(jié)合企業(yè)的缺陷和機(jī)會(huì)，整合和優(yōu)化資源配置，使其利用最大化。比如，通過(guò)市場(chǎng)分析，李經(jīng)理很清晰地知道了方便面的市場(chǎng)現(xiàn)狀和未來(lái)趨勢(shì)：產(chǎn)品(檔次)向上走，渠道向下移(通路精耕和深度分銷)，寡頭競(jìng)爭(zhēng)初露端倪，營(yíng)銷組合策略將成為下一輪競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的熱點(diǎn)等等。
二、營(yíng)銷思路。
營(yíng)銷思路是根據(jù)市場(chǎng)分析而做出的指導(dǎo)全年銷售計(jì)劃的"精神"綱領(lǐng)，是營(yíng)銷工作的方向和"靈魂"，也是銷售部需要經(jīng)常灌輸和貫徹的營(yíng)銷操作理念。針對(duì)這一點(diǎn)，李經(jīng)理制定了具體的營(yíng)銷思路，其中涵蓋了如下幾方面的內(nèi)容：
1、樹(shù)立全員營(yíng)銷觀念，真正體現(xiàn)"營(yíng)銷生活化，生活營(yíng)銷化"。
2、實(shí)施深度分銷，樹(shù)立決戰(zhàn)在終端的思想，有計(jì)劃、有重點(diǎn)地指導(dǎo)經(jīng)銷商直接運(yùn)作末端市場(chǎng)。
3、綜合利用產(chǎn)品、價(jià)格、通路、促銷、傳播、服務(wù)等營(yíng)銷組合策略，形成強(qiáng)大的營(yíng)銷合力。
4、在市場(chǎng)操作層面，體現(xiàn)"兩高一差"，即要堅(jiān)持"運(yùn)作差異化，高價(jià)位、高促銷"的原則，揚(yáng)長(zhǎng)避短，體現(xiàn)獨(dú)有的操作特色等等。營(yíng)銷思路的確定，李經(jīng)理充分結(jié)合了企業(yè)的實(shí)際，不僅翔實(shí)、有可操作性，而且還與時(shí)俱進(jìn)，體現(xiàn)了創(chuàng)新的營(yíng)銷精神，因此，在以往的年度銷售計(jì)劃中，都曾發(fā)揮了很好的指引效果。
三、銷售目標(biāo)。
銷售目標(biāo)是一切營(yíng)銷工作的出發(fā)點(diǎn)和落腳點(diǎn)，因此，科學(xué)、合理的銷售目標(biāo)制定也是年度銷售計(jì)劃的最重要和最核心的部分。那么，李經(jīng)理是如何制定銷售目標(biāo)的呢
1、根據(jù)上一年度的銷售數(shù)額，按照一定增長(zhǎng)比例，比如20%或30%，確定當(dāng)前年度的銷售數(shù)量。
2、銷售目標(biāo)不僅體現(xiàn)在具體的每一個(gè)月度，而且還責(zé)任到人，量化到人，并細(xì)分到具體市場(chǎng)。
3、權(quán)衡銷售目標(biāo)與利潤(rùn)目標(biāo)的關(guān)系，做一個(gè)經(jīng)營(yíng)型的營(yíng)銷人才，具體表現(xiàn)就是合理產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)，將產(chǎn)品銷售目標(biāo)具體細(xì)分到各層次產(chǎn)品。
比如，李經(jīng)理根據(jù)企業(yè)方便面產(chǎn)品ABC分類，將產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)比例定位在A(高價(jià)、形象利潤(rùn)產(chǎn)品)：B(平價(jià)、微利上量產(chǎn)品)：C(低價(jià)：戰(zhàn)略性炮灰產(chǎn)品)=2：3：1，從而更好地控制產(chǎn)品銷量和利潤(rùn)的關(guān)系。銷售目標(biāo)的確認(rèn)，使李經(jīng)理有了沖刺的對(duì)象，也使其銷售目標(biāo)的跟蹤有了基礎(chǔ)，從而有利于銷售目標(biāo)的順利達(dá)成。
四、營(yíng)銷策略。
營(yíng)銷策略是營(yíng)銷戰(zhàn)略的戰(zhàn)術(shù)分解，是順利實(shí)現(xiàn)企業(yè)銷售目標(biāo)的有力保障。李經(jīng)理根據(jù)方便面行業(yè)的運(yùn)作形勢(shì)，結(jié)合自己多年的市場(chǎng)運(yùn)做經(jīng)驗(yàn)，制定了如下的營(yíng)銷策略：
1、產(chǎn)品策略，堅(jiān)持差異化，走特色發(fā)展之路，產(chǎn)品進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)，要充分體現(xiàn)集群特點(diǎn)，發(fā)揮產(chǎn)品核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，形成一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的產(chǎn)品組合戰(zhàn)斗群，避免單兵作戰(zhàn)。
2、價(jià)格策略，高質(zhì)、高價(jià)，產(chǎn)品價(jià)格向行業(yè)標(biāo)兵看齊，同時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)產(chǎn)品運(yùn)輸半徑，以600公里為限，實(shí)行"一套價(jià)格體系，兩種返利模式"，即價(jià)格相同，但返利標(biāo)準(zhǔn)根據(jù)距離遠(yuǎn)近不同而有所不同的定價(jià)策略。
3、通路策略，創(chuàng)新性地提出分品項(xiàng)、分渠道運(yùn)作思想，除精耕細(xì)作，做好傳統(tǒng)通路外，集中物力、財(cái)力、人力、運(yùn)力等企業(yè)資源。
五、團(tuán)隊(duì)管理。
在這個(gè)模塊，李經(jīng)理主要鎖定了兩個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容：
1、人員規(guī)劃，即根據(jù)年度銷售計(jì)劃，合理人員配置，制定了人員招聘和培養(yǎng)計(jì)劃。
比如，20xx年銷售目標(biāo)5個(gè)億，公司本部的營(yíng)銷員隊(duì)伍要達(dá)到200人，這些人要在什么時(shí)間內(nèi)到位，落實(shí)責(zé)任人是誰(shuí)等等，都有一個(gè)具體的規(guī)劃明細(xì)。
2、團(tuán)隊(duì)管理，明確提出打造"鐵鷹"團(tuán)隊(duì)的口號(hào)，并根據(jù)這個(gè)目標(biāo)，采取了如下幾項(xiàng)措施：
一、健全和完善規(guī)章制度，從企業(yè)的"典章"、條例這些"母法"，到營(yíng)銷管理制度這些"子法"，都進(jìn)行了修訂和補(bǔ)充。比如，制定了《營(yíng)銷人員日常行為規(guī)范及管理規(guī)定》、《營(yíng)銷人員"三個(gè)一"日監(jiān)控制度》、《營(yíng)銷人員市場(chǎng)作業(yè)流程》、《營(yíng)銷員管理手冊(cè)》等等。
二、強(qiáng)化培訓(xùn)，提升團(tuán)隊(duì)整體素質(zhì)和戰(zhàn)斗力。比如，制定了全年的培訓(xùn)計(jì)劃，培訓(xùn)分為企業(yè)內(nèi)訓(xùn)和外訓(xùn)兩種，內(nèi)訓(xùn)又分為潛能激發(fā)、技能提升、操作實(shí)務(wù)等。外訓(xùn)則是選派優(yōu)秀的營(yíng)銷人員到一些大企業(yè)或大專院校、培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)接受培訓(xùn)等等。
三、嚴(yán)格獎(jiǎng)懲，建立良好的激勵(lì)考核機(jī)制。通過(guò)定期晉升、破格提拔、鼓勵(lì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)上崗、評(píng)選營(yíng)銷標(biāo)兵等形式，激發(fā)營(yíng)銷人員的內(nèi)在活力。李經(jīng)理旨在通過(guò)這一系列的團(tuán)隊(duì)整合，目地是強(qiáng)化團(tuán)隊(duì)合力，真正打造一支凝聚力、向心力、戰(zhàn)斗力、爆發(fā)力、威懾力較強(qiáng)的"鐵血團(tuán)隊(duì)"。
六、費(fèi)用預(yù)算。李經(jīng)理所做銷售計(jì)劃的最后一項(xiàng)，就是銷售費(fèi)用的預(yù)算。即在銷售目標(biāo)達(dá)成后，企業(yè)投入費(fèi)用的產(chǎn)出比。比如，李經(jīng)理所在的方便面企業(yè)，銷售目標(biāo)5個(gè)億，其中，工資費(fèi)用：500萬(wàn)，差旅費(fèi)用：300萬(wàn)，管理費(fèi)用：100萬(wàn)，培訓(xùn)、招待以及其他雜費(fèi)等費(fèi)用100萬(wàn)，合計(jì)1000萬(wàn)元，費(fèi)用占比2%，通過(guò)費(fèi)用預(yù)算，李經(jīng)理可以合理地進(jìn)行費(fèi)用控制和調(diào)配，使企業(yè)的資源"好鋼用在刀刃上"，以求企業(yè)的資金利用率達(dá)到最大化，從而不偏離市場(chǎng)發(fā)展軌道。
李經(jīng)理在做年度銷售計(jì)劃時(shí)，還充分利用了表格這套工具，比如，銷售目標(biāo)的分解、人員規(guī)劃、培訓(xùn)綱目、費(fèi)用預(yù)算等等，都通過(guò)表格的形式予以體現(xiàn)，不僅一目了然，而且還具有對(duì)比性、參照性，使以上內(nèi)容更加直觀和易于理解。
年度銷售計(jì)劃的制定，李經(jīng)理達(dá)到了如下目的：
1、明確了企業(yè)年度營(yíng)銷計(jì)劃及其發(fā)展方向，通過(guò)營(yíng)銷計(jì)劃的制定，李經(jīng)理不僅理清了銷售思路，而且還為其具體操作市場(chǎng)指明了方向，實(shí)現(xiàn)了年度銷售計(jì)劃從主觀型到理性化的轉(zhuǎn)變。
2、實(shí)現(xiàn)了數(shù)字化、制度化、流程化等等基礎(chǔ)性營(yíng)銷管理。不僅量化了全年的銷售目標(biāo)，而且還通過(guò)銷售目標(biāo)的合理分解，并細(xì)化到人員和月度，為每月?tīng)I(yíng)銷企劃方案的制定做了技術(shù)性的支撐。
3、整合了企業(yè)的營(yíng)銷組合策略，通過(guò)年度銷售計(jì)劃，確定了新的一年?duì)I銷執(zhí)行的模式和手段，為市場(chǎng)的有效拓展提供了策略支持。
4、吹響了"鐵鷹"團(tuán)隊(duì)打造的號(hào)角，通過(guò)年度銷售計(jì)劃的擬訂，確定了"鐵鷹"打造計(jì)劃，為優(yōu)秀營(yíng)銷團(tuán)隊(duì)的快速發(fā)展以及創(chuàng)建學(xué)習(xí)型、顧問(wèn)型的營(yíng)銷團(tuán)隊(duì)打下了一個(gè)堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。
延伸閱讀（英語(yǔ)版）：
Xx is an enterprise of instant noodles, the sales manager, since he 3 years in the job, the annual sales work plan became his "required courses", he sales plan in writing, not only describe the concrete, but also tend to integrate theory with practice, strategy and the actual combat, figures and tables together, a good guide to the marketing team, to make it according to the annual plan methodically to carry out the marketing work, in the process of continuously revised and check, obtained the good guide effect, so, he is the annual sales plan of how to develop it but also the content of which a few respects
I. market analysis.
The basis of the annual sales plan, it is in the past year the market situation and analyses the current situation of the market, and he USES the tool is currently companies often use the SWOT analysis method, namely the advantages and disadvantages of enterprise analysis and competitive threats and opportunities, through the SWOT analysis, he can learn about the pattern of market competition and the situation, and combined with the defect of enterprise and opportunity, integrate and optimize the allocation of resources, to maximize the use of. Through market analysis, for example, he clearly know the instant noodles market Psent situation and future trend of the product (grade) and channel down (pathways Pcision farming and depth distribution), oligopoly competition, marketing mix strategy will become the next round of competition of the hot spots and so on.
Second, marketing ideas.
Marketing concept is based on market analysis and make annual sales plan of the guidance of "spirit" platform, is the direction and "soul" of the marketing work, also need often infusion and carry out the sales marketing operation concept. To this point, manager li has formulated specific marketing ideas, which cover the following aspects:
1. Establish the marketing concept of the whole staff, and truly reflect "marketing life and marketing".
2. Implement deep distribution, establish the thoughts of the final battle in the terminal, and guide dealers directly to the terminal market with a plan and focus.
3. ComPhensive utilization of product, price, channel, promotion, communication, service and other marketing mix strategies to form a strong marketing force.
4. In terms of the market operation, it reflects the "two high school differences", i.e. adhering to the principle of "operation differentiation, high price and high promotion", so as to avoid short, reflect unique operation characteristics and so on. The determination of marketing ideas, he fully combined with enterprise's actual, not only informative, maneuverability, but also to keep pace with The Times, embodies the spirit of innovation of marketing, therefore, in the annual sales plan of the past, have played a very good guide effect.
Sales target.
Sales goals are the starting point and goal of all marketing efforts. Therefore, scientific and reasonable sales target is also the most important and core part of the annual sales plan. So how does manager li set sales goals
1. According to the sales amount of the Pvious year, according to certain growth rate, such as 20% or 30%, determine the sales volume of the current year.
2. The sales target is not only reflected in the specific monthly, but also the responsibility to the person, quantified to the person, and subpided into the specific market.
3. Weighing the relationship between sales target and profit target, and making a profit-oriented marketing talent, specific performance is the rational product structure, and the product sales target is specifically broken down to various levels of products.
Manager li ABC classification according to the enterprise instant noodles products, for example, will be located in A product structure ratio (high profit products, image) : B (parity, small profit on product) : C (low price: strategic cannon fodder products) = 2:3:1, to better control product sales and profits. The confirmation of the sales target makes li manager have the target of the sprint and the tracking of the sales target has the basis, which is conducive to the successful conclusion of the sales target.
Iv. Marketing strategy.
Marketing strategy is the tactical decomposition of marketing strategy, which is a strong guarantee for the smooth realization of the sales target of enterprises. According to the operation situation of the instant noodle industry, li has developed the following marketing strategies based on his years of market experience.
1, product strategy, adhere to the differentiation, walks road of the characteristic development, product into the market, to fully embody the cluster characteristics, product core competitiveness, form a strong product portfolio battle group, avoid inpidual soldiers.
2, price strategy, high quality, high price, the product price to the industry pacesetter, at the same time, emphasize product transportation radius, is limited to 600 km, with "a set of price system, two kinds of rebate mode", that is the same price, but the profit standard varies depending on the distance of the pricing strategy.
3. The channel strategy, creatively proposed sub-item and channel operation thought, apart from the intensive cultivation, good in the traditional way, concentrated material resources, financial resources, manpower, transportation and other enterprise resources.
V. team management.
In this module, li mainly locked in two aspects:
1. Personnel planning, i.e., according to the annual sales plan, reasonable staffing, personnel recruitment and training plan.
20 xx years sales targets, for example, $5, the company's marketing staff team to reach 200 people, these people want to be in what time is in place, the implementation of the who is responsible, and so on, have a concrete plan details.
2. Team management, made clear the slogan of building the "iron eagle" team, and adopted the following measures according to this objective:
First, perfect and perfect the rules and regulations, from the enterprise's "ordinances", the regulations these "mother law", to the marketing management system these "sublaws", have been revised and supplemented. For example, has established "marketing staff daily behavior standards and management regulations", "marketing personnel monitoring system of" three ones ", and "marketing personnel market process", "marketing staff management manual" and so on.
Ii. Strengthen training and improve the overall quality and fighting capacity of the team. For example, the training program for the whole year is pided into two types: internal training and external training. Internal training is pided into potential excitation, skill improvement and practical practice. Outside training is the selection of excellent marketing personnel to some large enterprises or colleges and universities, training institutions to receive training and so on.
3. Strictly reward and punish, establish a good incentive assessment mechanism. Through regular promotion, promotion, encouraging competition, selection of marketing pacesetter and other forms, motivate the internal vitality of marketer. Manager li through this a series of team integration, the purpose is to strengthen the team together, build a real deterrent cohesion and centripetal force, fighting capacity, power, strong "iron team".
6. Expense budget. The last part of manager li's sales plan is the budget for selling expenses. That is, the output ratio of the enterprise input costs after the sales target is reached. Manager li's instant noodles enterprise, for example, sales target 5, among them, the salary cost: 5 million, travel expenses: 3 million, the management fee: 1 million, 1 million, training, hospitality and other miscellaneous fees and other fees amounted to 10 million yuan, costs accounted for 2%, through the cost budget, he can reasonably to control costs and allocate, make the enterprise resources "good steel used in the blade", in order to to maximize enterprise's fund utilization, thus not deviating from the market development orbit.
Manager li when doing the annual sales plan, but also make full use of the form this tool, for example, sales target decomposition, personnel planning, training of materia medica, cost budget, etc., are described in the form of a table, for not only be clear at a glance, but also has a comparative, refer to the above content more intuitive and easy to understand.
In the formulation of annual sales plan, manager li achieves the following objectives:
1, has been clear about the enterprise's annual marketing plan and its development direction, through the marketing planning, sales manager li not only clarify the train of thought, but also pointed out the direction of the market for the specific operation, realize the annual sales plan from the subjective to the rationalization of the shift.
2. Realized the basic marketing management of digitization, institutionalization, streamlining, etc. Not only quantified the sales target for the whole year, but also through the reasonable decomposition of the sales target, and detailed to personnel and monthly, the formulation of the monthly marketing planning scheme has made technical support.
3. Integrated the marketing mix strategy of the enterprise, determined the mode and means of the New Year marketing execution through the annual sales plan, and provided strategic support for the effective development of the market.
4, sounded the horn of "iron eagle" team, through to formulate annual sales plan, determine the "iron eagle" make plans, as the rapid development of the excellent marketing team and create a learning type, consultants, marketing team has laid a solid foundation.
