【篇一】
可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞
名詞分可數(shù)與不可數(shù)兩種。
可數(shù)名詞表示某類人或東西中的個體。如table, country。
或表示若干個體組成的集合體。如 family, people, committee, police。
不可數(shù)名詞表示無法分為個體的實物。如air, tea, furniture, water。
或表示動作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象概念。如work, information, advice, happiness。
有些名詞在一種場合下是可數(shù)名詞,在另一種場合下是不可數(shù)名詞。
如room 房間(可數(shù)),空間(不可數(shù))
time 時間(不可數(shù)),次數(shù)(可數(shù))
fish 魚(不可數(shù)),各種各樣的魚(可數(shù))
比較下列例句:
There are nine rooms in the house. (房間,可數(shù)名詞)
There isnt enough room for us three in the car . (空間,不可數(shù)名詞)
不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量可以通過在其前面加單位詞來表示。
如: 一塊肉 a piece of meat
兩條長面包 two loaves of bread
三件家具 three articles of furniture
一大筆錢 a large sum of money
【篇二】
可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式
可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下:
1.一般情況下在名詞后加-s。如:girls, books。
★濁輔音、元音結(jié)尾,s發(fā)[z]
2.以s, x , ch, sh結(jié)尾的詞在名詞后加-es。如:glasses, boxes, matches, bushes。
★以s, x , ch, sh結(jié)尾,es發(fā)[iz]
3.“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞,變y為i再加-es。如:city-cities, country-countries。
4.以o結(jié)尾的詞多數(shù)加-es。如:heroes, tomatoes, potatoes。
radios, zoos, photos, pianos, kilos 例外。
5.f, fe 結(jié)尾的詞,多數(shù)變f,fe為v再加-es。如:thief-thieves, leaf-leaves, half-halves, life-lives, wife-wives, knife-knives。
少數(shù)名詞有不規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, child-children, mouse-mice。
★可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)一般情況下考不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)形式。
個別名詞的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)的形式是一樣的。如Chineses, Japanese, sheep, deer。
【篇三】
名詞的所有格
名詞的所有格表示所屬關(guān)系, 起形容詞的作用。
當(dāng)名詞表示有生命的東西時,所有格一般是在詞尾加 s 。
如:Jeans room, my daughter-in-laws friends, my daughters-in-laws friends, childrens books。
如果名詞已經(jīng)有了復(fù)數(shù)詞尾s, 則只需加。如:the teachers books, my parents car。
時間名詞的所有格在后面加s ,復(fù)數(shù)加 。如:todays newspaper, five minutes walk。
當(dāng)名詞表示無生命的東西時,所有格常由“of”短語構(gòu)成。
如:the top of the world, the cover of the book, Chinas capital。
加 s 或 的名詞所有格可以表示店鋪或某人的家。
如:the grocers, the tailors, the Smiths 。
★名詞所有格考試常見部分是
名詞表示沒有生命的東西時,不能直接在其后加s。
時間名詞所有格在其后加s,或復(fù)數(shù)名詞后直接加。
【篇四】
名詞在句子中的作用:名詞在句子中可以作主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、表語、定語,有時可以作狀語。
名詞、代詞或其他結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時,謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上必須與主語保持一致。
1.主語是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式;主語是復(fù)數(shù)時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
All roads lead to Rome。(條條大路通羅馬。)
His brother is an industrial engineer。
The number of the students attending the party is increasing。
★the number of 表示數(shù)量,無論后面名詞是復(fù)數(shù)還是單數(shù),謂語動詞是單數(shù)形式。
Two-thirds of the shop belongs to me。
★two-thirds 三分之二
幾分之幾作主語,謂語是單數(shù)形式。
belong to 屬于某人
Both of us are studying English。
★總結(jié):在名詞作主語時,the number of 謂語動詞單數(shù)形式;
幾分之幾,謂語單數(shù)形式;
both 謂語使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
2、主語是不可數(shù)名詞、不定式或動名詞詞組、從句時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
All the money he received was given to his mother。
Forgetting the past means betrayal。
What we are talking now is useless。
3.主語部分若有as well as, with, together with, like, but, except等短語,謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)與短語前面的名詞一致。
Mary, as well as her two sisters, is a student of this school。
(as well as her two sisters 作主語Mary的主語補(bǔ)足語,主語 Mary 是單數(shù),所以謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式)
No one except my friends knows anything about it。
4.表示時間、距離、重量、價值等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時,如果當(dāng)作整體看待,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式�！啊�+(×)…=…”算式中的謂語動詞也用單數(shù)形式。
Three times two is six。
Three kilometers is 3,ooo metres. (three kilometers作為整體來看)
5.Either, neither作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
Neither of us has been to Italy。
Has either of them been to Shanghai?
none代表可數(shù)的人或東西時,謂語動詞可以用單數(shù)也可以用復(fù)數(shù),代表不可數(shù)的東西時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
None of the students have/has seen the film。
None of the money belongs to me。
6.主語由either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also連接時,謂語形式由最鄰近的主語決定。
Not only you but also I am wrong。
Neither my aunt nor I am going out this afternoon。
Either you or she is to do the work。
7.主語中有and,如果表示單一概念,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
The bread and butter is nice。
8.主語前有many a, more than one修飾時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
Many a book has been read by the students。
★many a book=many books
More than one person has been to the Great Wall。
9.集合名詞作主語,當(dāng)作整體看待時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式,當(dāng)作每個獨(dú)立的個體看待時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
The committee meets once a year. (作為整體)
The committee are having a meeting now. (作為獨(dú)立個體)
People, police作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
The police have come to arrest him。
【篇五】
不定冠詞的基本用法
1.表示“一”的含義。
Give me a pen please。
We go shopping twice a week。
2.泛指某個人或東西。
Yesterday we visited an English secondary school。
She picked up a magazine and began to read。
3.表示一類人或東西。
He works as a language teacher in that university。
As a writer, he is successful。
Even a child can answer this question。
可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)出現(xiàn),泛指用不定冠詞,特指用定冠詞。一個可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)不能自己單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)
【篇六】
定冠詞的基本用法
1.表示特定的人或東西。
Give me the magazine。
Have you decided on the prices yet?
The book on the table is an English dictionary。
Beijing is the capital of China。
2.復(fù)述前文提到的人或東西。
Last week, I saw a flim. The film is about a love story between two middle-aged people。
The old man saw a house in the field. He went into the house and found a beautiful girl sitting there and singing。
3.用于形容詞前面,代表一類人或東西。
the poor 窮人 the rich 富人 the wounded 受傷的人
the sick 生病的人 the beautiful 美麗的事物 the old 老年人
the young 年青人
4.用于表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的東西的名詞前面。
the moon, the sun, the earth
The moon moves aroud the earth。
We have friends all over the world。
Dont build castles in the air。
5.用于序數(shù)詞、方位名詞、形容詞與副詞的級前面,副詞級前面的the 可以省略。
January is the first month of the year。
The sun rises in the east。
Japan lies to the east of China。
Beijing lies in the north of China。
Ireland lies on the Great Britain。
At the Childrens Palace, some children learn to play the piano, others learn to play the violin。
Last week we went to the theatre。
Among the three girls she speaks English the best。
“東、南、西、北”作副詞時,前面不加冠詞。
We are walking south。
形容詞級前若有物主代詞,就不加定冠詞。
Monday is my busiest day。
6.用于姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)形式前,表示一家人或夫婦倆。
The Lius have moved to Guangzhou。
The Simths came to China for visit in 1996.
7.不可數(shù)名詞前面通常不加定冠詞,但若有限制性定語修飾,或表示特定部分、特定內(nèi)容時,前面需加定冠詞。
Drink some water。
Is the water in the well fit for drink?
What do you think of the music?
He cant take the advice his mother gives him。
【篇七】
absent from不在,缺席abundant in富于
alien to與……相反angry with sb at/about sth生氣,憤怒
anxious about/for憂慮,擔(dān)心appropriate for/to適當(dāng),合適
applicable to適用于apt at聰明,善于
apt to易于ashamed of羞愧,害臊
approximate to近擬,接近aware of意識到
abailable to sb for sth可用,可供bare of幾乎沒有,缺乏
bound for開往…… capable of能夠
careful of/about/with;小心,注意certain of /about確信,肯定
about/in doing characteristic of特有,獨(dú)特
clear of沒有,不接觸clever at善于
close to接近,親近c(diǎn)omparable to/with可比較
conscious of察覺到,意識到consequent on隨之而來
considerate towards體諒,體貼contemporary with與……同時代
content with滿足于contrary to違反
counter to與……相反crazy about熱衷,著迷
critical of挑剔,批評curious about好奇,想知道
distinct from種類(風(fēng)格)不同doubtful of /about懷疑
east of在……東面equal to相等,勝任
equivalent to等于,相當(dāng)于essential to/for必不可少
expert at/in/on善于faithful to忠實于
familiar to sb為……所熟悉familiar with sth熟悉,通曉
fatal to致命的favourable to支持,贊成
favourable for有幫助的fearful of懼怕
fit for適于foreign to非……所原有
fond of喜歡free of /from未受……;免費(fèi)
free with康慨,大方guilty of有……罪的
hungry for渴望ignorant of不知道
impatient at sth.不耐煩impatient of無法容忍
with sb independent of不受……支配
impatient for急切,渴望indifferent to無興趣,不關(guān)心
indignant with sb.憤慨inferior to級別低于,不如
ab/about sth innocent of無……罪,無辜
intent on專心于invisible to不可見的jealous of嫉妒keep on愛好,很喜歡
liable for對……有責(zé)任liable to易于
loyal to忠于mad at/with sb.生氣,憤怒mad with因……發(fā)狂next to下一個,其次
necessary to /for必要的opposite to在對面
open to不限制,開放的particular about挑剔,講究
arallel to與……平等,類似peculiar to獨(dú)特的,獨(dú)有的
atient with有耐心prior to在……之前
opular with受……喜愛,愛戴rePsentative of代表……的
relative to與……有關(guān)rich in富于
responsible for負(fù)責(zé),是……原因sensitive to對……敏感
sensible of覺查到sick of厭惡,厭倦
short of缺少skilled at /in善于
similar to相似sufficient for足夠的
subject to受制于,易于superior to優(yōu)于,級別高于
suitable for/to適合于suspicious of懷疑
sure of /about對……有信心,確信typical of是典型的,特有的
tired of對……不在感興趣votal to對……關(guān)系重大
uncertain of /about不確知mad about/on狂熱迷戀
void of沒有,缺乏
【篇八】
這里用to man 而不用by.即當(dāng)單數(shù)又無冠詞的man和known搭配時,表示人類不用by.
this,that,tomorrow,yesterday,next,last,one
接年、月、季、星期、周,介詞省略已習(xí)慣
例;一天one day (不說on one day)
one summer 在一個夏天
one year 一年
Iast nieht 昨天夜里
last Friday 上個星期五
last month 上月
last year 去年
yesterday afternoon 昨天下午
tomorrow afternoon 明天下午
tomorrow evening 明天晚上
next month 下個月
next week 下周
next year 明年
next Saturday 下星期六
